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戴明语录(下)
障碍(Obstacles)
阻碍(员工) 以工艺为荣之实现,在美国,事实上可能就是降低成本与改进品质最重要障碍之一。
(Barriers against realization of pride of workmanship may in fact be one of the most Important obstacles to reduction of cost and improvement of quality in the United States.)
释义:员工无法自由发挥其潜能,抑制了创造力的发挥,无形中丧失了降低成本与改进品质的机会。
『戴明语录』 林公孚
最佳化(optimization)(1)
劳工与管理阶层须把重点放在系统最佳化上,对于买方与卖方或供货商与经销商之间的任何讨论,其法则相同。如果在协商中你的首要目标是保护你自己,那么你已经输了---其它的人也要保护自己。当你与他人协力改进系统时,你收获最多。
(Labor and management should focus on optimizing the system. For any discussion between buyer and seller or suppliers and retailers, the rule is the same. If your principal goal in a negotiation is to protect yourself, you’ve already lost—and so has everyone else.
You gain most when you work with others to improve the system.)
释义:要把买方、卖方、供货商、或经销商纳入管理系统之内,与他们建立供应链关系,共谋系统最佳化,使人人受益。
『戴明语录』 林公孚
最佳化(optimization)(2)
任何团体都要时时将其所处的大系统的最佳化当作它的目标。任何未能使整个系统最佳化的事,终会导致系统中每一份子的损失。
Any group should have as its aim optimization over time of the larger system that the group operates in. Anything less than optimization of the whole system will bring eventual loss to every component in the system.
释义:系统内的每一份子,早己自然形成利益共同体,系统最佳时,就会产生利益最大的结果。
耐心(Patience)
没有耐心的人多么可悲啊!
—依阿高(坏蛋)对洛德利哥(傻瓜)之告诫,见莎士比亚的奥赛罗,Ⅱ,???。
( How poor are they that have not patience.
―lago to Roderigo, Shakespeare’s Othello, II, ???。)
释义:成功需靠耐心。
『戴明语录』 林公孚
恳请捐血(A Plea for Blood )
在血液银行里有两种血――好血和坏血。Dr. Burchell(我的医师),用了三份好血在我身上,他说,坏血是最后别无选择时才用。像是你、我的朋友这种人能够提供好血,这是单从血的来源来看。如果是来自经常捐血以换取酬劳的捐血者,则血液几乎是像捐血者本人一样地相当依靠接受清洗;如果我对Dr. Burchell了解无误。
换句话说,好血来自朋友和他们的朋友,用钱买不到――它是非卖品,此处我们或许曲解了一些医学用语,但Dr. Burchell的观点十分明确,他和其它外科医师都需要好血,任何血型都会拿来做替换。
简言之,我欠了三品脱的好血,报偿的方法只有一种,而金钱是办不到的。过去我并没有珍惜这些关键性的要求;或许这项恳求,能使我的朋友们去捐血。
(There are two kinds of blood in the blood bank, good and bad. [My physician] Dr. Burchell used three units of good blood on me. Bad blood, he said, is a last resort.
People like my friends and your friends can give good blood, and that is about the only source thereof. Blood from a regular donor that takes pay for it is almost dependably pretty well washed up. like the donor himself, if I understand Dr. Burchell correctly.
In other words, good blood comes from friends and from their friends. Money can not buy it: it is not for sale.
I may have garbled some of the medical language here, but Dr. Burchell’s point was very clear. He and other surgeons need good blood. Any type will do as replacement.
In short, I owe three pints of good blood, and there is only one way to repay them.
Money won’t do it. I had not appreciated these critical requirements. Maybe this plea will bring friends to offer blood.)
释义:好的来源,品质自然好。能用钱买到的未必是好货,出自真诚的奉献常有好品质。
好人要主动多做好事。
『戴明语录』 林公孚
生产力(Productivity)
持续不断的改进生产与服务的系统以改进品质和生产力,如此可持续降低成本。
( Improve constantly and forever the system of production and service, to Improve quality and productivity, and thus constantly decrease costs.)
释义:降低成本与提升生产力是相辅相成,可并行不悖。
『戴明语录』 林公孚
利润(Profits)(1)
不要依赖短期的利润来衡量系统是否健全,利润通常无法显示出管理之未来表现。藉少做研究与延缓维修,可轻易地显示出较高的利润,但受难的是系统。
(Don’t depend on short-term profits as a measure of a system’s health. They often don’t point to future performance of management. It’s easy to report a higher profit by reducing research and postponing maintenance. But the system suffers.)
释义:只注重短期好看的公司报表利润数字,常会以牺牲公司长远利益为代价。
『戴明语录』 林公孚
利润(Profits)(2)
账面利润不会使饼变大,他们给你一片比较大块的,你是多拿了别人的份,对社会并没有什么帮助。
(Paper profits do not make the pie bigger. They give you a bigger piece. You take it from somebody else. It doesn’t help the society.)
释义:近期的账面利润可能只是其它支付延迟的结果,故对社会无实质助益。
『戴明语录』 林公孚
利润(Profits)(3)
红利和账面利润—通常是判断财务经理和公司首脑的准绳—并不会改进一公司或是美国工业的竞争地位。账面利润不足以谋生;品质与生产力之改进则可;他们的贡献,是可以改进世界各地人类的物质生活。
(Dividends and paper profits, the yardstick by which managers of money and heads of companies are judged, do not improve the competitive position of a company or of American Industry. Paper profits do not make bread: improvement of quality and productivity do. They make a contribution to better material living for all people. Here and everywhere.)
释义:较佳之物质生活水准,来自经营者不断提升其产品的品质与生产力,因深受顾客信赖而产生彼此双赢的局面。
『戴明语录』 林公孚
保护主义(Protectionism)(1)
依赖关税和法律的保护,让人们〝买美国货〞只会鼓励无能。
(Dependence on protection by tariffs and laws to “buy American” only encourages incompetence.)
释义:在政府保护伞下生存的企业,必缺乏竞争力,犹如宠物无法自行谋生。
『戴明语录』 林公孚
保护主义(Protectionism)(2)
如果我国一些制造商能够凭着其努力与人竞争,少花点时间游说提高关税或降低贸易配额,他们或许可以较不必担心日本的竞争,而且可以带给我们其它人一些更好的品质及较低的价格。许多人说,他们相信企业自由竞争,但他们所指的通常是其它人的竞争,而不是与自己的竞争。
( If some manufacturers in my own country would meet competition with effort, and spend less time on lobbies to boost tariffs and to lower trade quotas. they might have less to worry about Japanese competition and could give some of the rest of us the benefit of better quality and lower prices. Many people say that they believe in free enterprise in competition, but what they often mean is competition for the other fellow, not for themselves.)
释义:不靠政府保护的公平竞争,能驱使企业加强经营能力从事与他人竞争,进而与自己竞争。
『戴明语录』 林公孚
保护主义(Protectionism)(3)
现在以我自己为例,我相信自由贸易,我不怕日本统计学家、英国统计学家、法国统计学家或任何其它统计学家,如果他们之中有谁做得较好,那我们该做的是到他那儿去,或把他带回我国,找出他是如何做的。我不知道有任何统计学家游说团,企图把外国统计学家排除在外,我们能将他们引进越多,我们会做得越好。
(Now in my own case, I believe in free enterprise, and I am not afraid of Japanese statisticians, English statisticians, French statisticians, or any others. If one of them is doing a better job, then the thing to do is to go over there, or bring him to my own country, and find out how he does it. I don’t know of any statistician’s lobby to try to keep out foreign statisticians. The more of them we import, the better off we are. )
释义:向竞争者学习或引进有能力的竞争者,与他们合作远比将他们排除在外来的好。
『戴明语录』 林公孚
品质(Quality)(1)
为什么生产力会随着品质改进而提升?较少的重做,没有那么多浪费;对生产工人言,品质意指他的工作表现令自己满意,令他能以工艺为荣。
(Why is it that productivity increases as quality improves? Less rework. Not so much waste. Quality to the production worker means that his performance satisfies him, provides to him pride of workmanship.)
释义:要鼓励制造产品的工作人员建立为自己工艺为荣的观念,第一次就把工作做好,没有时间与工料的浪费,生产力自然提高。
『戴明语录』 林公孚
品质(Quality)(2)
品质由高阶管理者开始﹍。
产品与服务的品质不会高出高阶管理层的意图。一家公司能够成功的唯一途径,在于高阶管理层对采取措施所做的承诺。
(Quality begins at the top…. Quality of product and of service can be no better than the intent of top management. The only way a company can achieve success would be for the top management to be committed to the course of action.)
释义:高阶管理者是目标与策略的制订者,他对所采取措施承诺之轻重,决定了产品与服务品质的优劣。
『戴明语录』 林公孚
品质(Quality)(3)
停止依赖检验来改进品质;一开始就把品质建置进产品里,就可无须依赖大量检验。
(Cease dependence on inspection to improve quality. Eliminate the need for inspection on a mass basis by building quality into the product in the first place.)
释义:让设计者做出坚耐性设计,由生产者负责品质,慎选物料供货商,做好源流管理,就可无须依赖检验。
『戴明语录』 林公孚
品质(Quality)(4)
好品质不一定就该是高品质,好品质意指在适应市场低成本条件下,一致性与可恃性之可预测程度。
(Good quality does not necessarily mean high quality .It means a predictable degree of uniformity and dependability at low cost suited to the market)
释义:要以符合顾客需要,来定义品质。它的好与不好,是由市场的需要来判定。一般说来,顾客要的是均质可靠且可预测性高的产品。麦当劳的产品就具有此特色。
『戴明语录』 林公孚
采购(procurement)(1)
停止依价格为基础的决标方式。代之以最低总成本。朝向任何一项产品,都向单一供货商采购,与他们建立长期的忠诚与信任关系。
(End the practice of awarding business on the basis of price tag. Instead, minimize total cost. Move toward a single supplier of any one item, on a long-term relationship of loyalty and trust.)
释义:低价决标未必能得到最佳品质的产品,产品好坏除品质外,尚包括可靠度在内,故需以产品寿命周期的总成本来衡量。单一产品向单一供货商采购,是信赖其专业能力,与考量降低采购成本所致。
『戴明语录』 林公孚
采购(procurement)(2)
1950年学来的日式管理—进料改进的最好方法是将每一供货商视为工作伙伴,秉持长期忠诚与信任的关系与他一起工作。
(Japanese management learned in 1950…that The best solution to improvement of incoming materials is to make a partner of every vendor, and to Work together with him on a long-term relationship of loyalty and trust.)
释义:要把供货商纳入生产体系,视他们为生产部门之一。
采购(procurement)(3)
与你的供货商一起工作以改进其进料的品质,与他建立长期的关系,使他从事持续改进,使品质越来越好,成本越来越低,达到双赢的目的。
(Work with your vendor to improve his incoming quality. Establish a long-term relationship with him for continual improvement, ever better and better quality, with lower and lower costs. Both you and he will win.)
释义:要将供货商纳入为顾客提供良好产品的系统之内,视它们为第三生产部,通力合作以求双赢。
『戴明语录』 林公孚
责任(Responsibility)(1)
解雇员工造成大量失业,不再为社会所接受;失去市场和导致失业并非宿命;它们不是不可避免的,它们是人为的。
(It is no longer socially acceptable to dump employees on to the heap of unemployment. Loss of market and resulting unemployment are not foreordained. They are no inevitable. They are man-made.)
释义:照顾员工使他们生活无虞,是经营者应尽的社会责任之一,故经营者须具备深厚的经营知识,以免犯错。
『戴明语录』 林公孚
责任(Responsibility)(2)
在美国最大的浪费就是未使人尽其才。一个人只要听听与生产工人开会的录音带,便可得知他们的挫折感以及有关他们急切要做的贡献。尽管我们学界的批判,任何只要看到大部分生产工人所具有的表达能力,都会留下深刻印象。
(The greatest waste in America is failure to use the abilities of people. One need only listen to a tape of a meeting with production workers to learn about their frustrations and about the contribution that they are eager to make. Anyone would be impressed to observe how articulate most production workers are, in spite of criticisms of our schools.)
释义:美国品质与生产力之低落,错不在生产工人,而在企业经营者未能倾听员工心声,与善尽用人之责。
『戴明语录』 林公孚
统计(Statistics)(1)
这个国家几乎每天都有以生产力为主题的研讨会,大部分与生产力的小技巧及量测法有关,如Willuam E. Conway所说,生产力的量测就好比意外事件统计,告诉你有问题存在,但对意外事件却冷眼以对,不谋解决。「转危为安」一书即企图改进生产力,而不只是量测它
(There are conferences almost any day in this country on the subject of productivity, mostly concerned with gadgets and measures of productivity. As William E. Conway said, measurements of productivity are like accident statistics. They tell you that there is a problem, but they don’t do anything about accidents. This book [Out Of the Crisis] is an attempt to improve productivity. Not just to measure it.)
释义:美国企业太过重视问题的技术面,而忽视管理面,须知不当的管理理念与作为,是造成问题的元凶,「转危为安」一书是为协助美国企业经营者观念转变而写的。
『戴明语录』 林公孚
统计(Statistics)(2)
把统计的原则与技术应用在生产的各个阶段,能直接以经济方式制造出有用且有市场的产品。
(The application of statistical principles and techniques in all stages of production directed toward the economic manufacture of a product that is useful and has a market.)
释义:生产各阶段包括进料、制造、检验、储存、包装、交运均可应用统计原则与技术以提升品质。
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